Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Report 2020, Forecast to 2025
- receipt Report ID : 40782
- calendar_today Published On: Apr, 2020
- file_copy Pages: 181
- list Medical Devices
The report forecast global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market to grow to reach xx Million USD in 2020 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2025. Projected and forecast revenue values are in constant U.S. dollars, unadjusted for inflation. Product values are estimated based on manufacturers' revenue. Estimates of the regional markets for Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints are based on the applications market.
The report offers detailed coverage of Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.
In addition to this data, the report provides insight into drivers of market demand and strategies of suppliers. Key players are profiled, and their market shares in the global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market are discussed.
The market is segmented by types:
Upper-limb Orthoses
Lower-limb Orthoses
Spinal Orthoses
It can be also divided by applications:
Hospital
Retail Pharmacies
Online Sales
And this report covers the historical situation, present status and the future prospects of the global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market for 2015-2025. In this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographies: Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, Middle East & Africa, South America.
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading company.
DJO Global
Ottobock
Ossur
3M Company
Bauerfeind
DeRoyal
Medi GmbH & Co.
Zimmer
Lohmann & Rauscher
Breg
THUASNE
ORTEC
BSN Medical
Tynor Orthotics
DUK-IN
Prime Medical
Adhenor
Aspen
Rcai
Truelife
Huici Medical
Dynamic Techno Medicals
Report Includes:
- xx data tables and xx additional tables
- An overview of global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market
- An detailed key players analysis across regions
- Analyses of global market trends, with historical data, estimates for 2020 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2025
- Insights into regulatory and environmental developments
- Information on the supply and demand scenario and evaluation of technological and investment opportunities in the Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market
- Profiles of major players in the industry, including DJO Global, Ottobock, Ossur, 3M Company, Bauerfeind.....
Research objectives
To study and analyze the global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2015 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
To understand the structure of Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints market by identifying its various subsegments.
Focuses on the key global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
To analyze the Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
To project the consumption of Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Frequently Asked Questions
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
- By Type
- By Application
- By Region
- By Country
- By Manufacturer
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
Table of Contents
Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Report 2020, Forecast to 2025
1 Scope of the Study
1.1 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Introduction
1.2 Research Programs
1.3 Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Years Considered
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Data Source
1.7 Research Objectives
2 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Industry Overview
2.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Regions (2020-2025)
2.1.1 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Global Import Market Analysis
2.1.2 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Global Export Market Analysis
2.1.3 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Global Main Region Market Analysis
2.2 Market Analysis by Type
2.2.1 Upper-limb Orthoses
2.2.2 Lower-limb Orthoses
2.2.3 Spinal Orthoses
2.3.2 Retail Pharmacies
2.3.3 Online Sales
2.4.2 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2018-2020)
2.4.3 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
2.4.4 Top 5 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Manufacturer Market Share
2.4.5 Top 10 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Manufacturer Market Share
2.4.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market
2.4.7 Key Manufacturers Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Product Offered
2.4.8 Mergers & Acquisitions Planning
2.5 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Historical Development Overview
2.6 Market Dynamics
2.6.1 Market Opportunities
2.6.2 Market Risk
2.6.3 Market Driving Force
2.6.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
3 Upstream and Downstream Market Analysis
3.1 Upstream Analysis
3.1.1 Macro Analysis of Upstream Markets
3.1.2 Key Players in Upstream Markets
3.1.3 Upstream Market Trend Analysis
3.1.4 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Manufacturing Cost Analysis
3.2 Downstream Market Analysis
3.2.1 Macro Analysis of Down Markets
3.2.2 Key Players in Down Markets
3.2.3 Downstream Market Trend Analysis
3.2.4 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
4 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Regions
4.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.3 APAC Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.4 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.5 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Countries
5.1 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
5.1.1 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
5.1.2 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
5.1.3 Germany Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.1.4 UK Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.1.5 France Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.1.6 Russia Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.1.7 Italy Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.1.8 Spain Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.2 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2018-2020)
5.3 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.3.1 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.3.2 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.4 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
6 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Countries
6.1 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
6.1.1 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
6.1.3 China Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.1.4 Japan Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.1.5 Korea Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.1.6 India Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.1.7 Southeast Asia Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.1.8 Australia Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.2 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2018-2020)
6.3 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
6.3.2 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
6.4 Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
7 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Countries
7.1 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
7.1.1 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
7.1.2 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
7.1.3 United States Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.1.4 Canada Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.1.5 Mexico Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.2 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2018-2020)
7.3 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
7.3.1 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
7.3.2 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
7.4 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
8 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Countries
8.1 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
8.1.1 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
8.1.2 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.1.3 Brazil Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.2 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2018-2020)
8.3 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
8.3.1 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
8.3.2 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
8.4 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
9 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Size Categorized by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.1.3 GCC Countries Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.1.4 Turkey Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.1.5 Egypt Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.1.6 South Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2018-2020)
9.3 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type
9.3.1 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
9.3.2 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
9.4 Middle East and Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
10 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Segment by Type
10.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue, Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.1.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.1.2 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
10.2 Upper-limb Orthoses Sales Growth Rate and Price
10.2.1 Global Upper-limb Orthoses Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.2.2 Global Upper-limb Orthoses Price (2015-2020)
10.3 Lower-limb Orthoses Sales Growth Rate and Price
10.3.1 Global Lower-limb Orthoses Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3.2 Global Lower-limb Orthoses Price (2015-2020)
10.4 Spinal Orthoses Sales Growth Rate and Price
10.4.1 Global Spinal Orthoses Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4.2 Global Spinal Orthoses Price (2015-2020)
11.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & SplintsSales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
11.2 Hospital Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Retail Pharmacies Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Online Sales Sales Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2025)
12.2 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)
12.2.1 Europe Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast (2020-2025)
12.2.2 APAC Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast (2020-2025)
12.2.3 North America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast (2020-2025)
12.2.4 South America Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast (2020-2025)
12.2.5 Middle East & Africa Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast (2020-2025)
12.3 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast by Type (2020-2025)
12.3.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Forecast by Type (2020-2025)
12.3.2 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Share Forecast by Type (2020-2025)
12.4 Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
12.4.1 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Sales Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
12.4.2 Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Market Share Forecast by Application (2020-2025)
13 Analysis of Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Industry Key Manufacturers
13.1 DJO Global
13.1.1 Company Details
13.1.2 Product Information
13.1.3 DJO Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.1.4 Main Business Overview
13.1.5 DJO Global News
13.2 Ottobock
13.2.1 Company Details
13.2.2 Product Information
13.2.3 Ottobock Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.2.4 Main Business Overview
13.2.5 Ottobock News
13.3 Ossur
13.3.1 Company Details
13.3.2 Product Information
13.3.3 Ossur Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.3.4 Main Business Overview
13.3.5 Ossur News
13.4 3M Company
13.4.1 Company Details
13.4.2 Product Information
13.4.3 3M Company Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.4.4 Main Business Overview
13.4.5 3M Company News
13.5 Bauerfeind
13.5.1 Company Details
13.5.2 Product Information
13.5.3 Bauerfeind Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.5.4 Main Business Overview
13.5.5 Bauerfeind News
13.6 DeRoyal
13.6.1 Company Details
13.6.2 Product Information
13.6.3 DeRoyal Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.6.4 Main Business Overview
13.6.5 DeRoyal News
13.7 Medi GmbH & Co.
13.7.1 Company Details
13.7.2 Product Information
13.7.3 Medi GmbH & Co. Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.7.4 Main Business Overview
13.7.5 Medi GmbH & Co. News
13.8 Zimmer
13.8.1 Company Details
13.8.2 Product Information
13.8.3 Zimmer Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.8.4 Main Business Overview
13.8.5 Zimmer News
13.9 Lohmann & Rauscher
13.9.1 Company Details
13.9.2 Product Information
13.9.3 Lohmann & Rauscher Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.9.4 Main Business Overview
13.9.5 Lohmann & Rauscher News
13.10 Breg
13.10.1 Company Details
13.10.2 Product Information
13.10.3 Breg Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.10.4 Main Business Overview
13.10.5 Breg News
13.11 THUASNE
13.11.1 Company Details
13.11.2 Product Information
13.11.3 THUASNE Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.11.4 Main Business Overview
13.11.5 THUASNE News
13.12 ORTEC
13.12.1 Company Details
13.12.2 Product Information
13.12.3 ORTEC Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.12.4 Main Business Overview
13.12.5 ORTEC News
13.13 BSN Medical
13.13.1 Company Details
13.13.2 Product Information
13.13.3 BSN Medical Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.13.4 Main Business Overview
13.13.5 BSN Medical News
13.14 Tynor Orthotics
13.14.1 Company Details
13.14.2 Product Information
13.14.3 Tynor Orthotics Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.14.4 Main Business Overview
13.14.5 Tynor Orthotics News
13.15 DUK-IN
13.15.1 Company Details
13.15.2 Product Information
13.15.3 DUK-IN Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.15.4 Main Business Overview
13.15.5 DUK-IN News
13.16 Prime Medical
13.16.1 Company Details
13.16.2 Product Information
13.16.3 Prime Medical Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.16.4 Main Business Overview
13.16.5 Prime Medical News
13.17 Adhenor
13.17.1 Company Details
13.17.2 Product Information
13.17.3 Adhenor Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.17.4 Main Business Overview
13.17.5 Adhenor News
13.18 Aspen
13.18.1 Company Details
13.18.2 Product Information
13.18.3 Aspen Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.18.4 Main Business Overview
13.18.5 Aspen News
13.19 Rcai
13.19.1 Company Details
13.19.2 Product Information
13.19.3 Rcai Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.19.4 Main Business Overview
13.19.5 Rcai News
13.20 Truelife
13.20.1 Company Details
13.20.2 Product Information
13.20.3 Truelife Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.20.4 Main Business Overview
13.20.5 Truelife News
13.21 Huici Medical
13.21.1 Company Details
13.21.2 Product Information
13.21.3 Huici Medical Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.21.4 Main Business Overview
13.21.5 Huici Medical News
13.22 Dynamic Techno Medicals
13.22.1 Company Details
13.22.2 Product Information
13.22.3 Dynamic Techno Medicals Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Production, Price, Cost, Gross Margin, and Revenue (2018-2020)
13.22.4 Main Business Overview
13.22.5 Dynamic Techno Medicals News
15 Appendix
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting & Splints Picture
Figure Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Global Orthopedic Braces & Support Casting &